Climate Negotiations

The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated between 1995 and 1997 in response to the adoption of the Berlin Mandate at the First Session of the COP. Following the adoption of the Protocol at the conclusion of the Third Session of the COP, parties were reluctant to deposit their instruments of ratification largely because the rules of the protocol’s implementation mechanisms (the Clean Development Mechanism, emissions trading and joint implementation) were not yet finalized. This required several additional years of negotiations which were concluded at the Seventh Session of the COP in Marrakesh in 2001